The separate collection of recyclables or ‘dual system’ has long been considered the superior way to collect recyclable waste from households for sorting, with the aim for it to eventually reach a recycler and thus allow the material to be available for reuse. Since its initial conception, the method has been hailed a great success, with most major countries across Europe replicating similar operations. However, at a time when mechanical and chemical recycling capacities are increasing and there are question marks over the availability of feedstock; is this system of collection still fit for purpose in the current context?

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